Question 2 For -1 - (-3), start at -1 and walk 3 steps to the right (the oposite of -3).
Question 3 Interpreting 2 - 5 as take away subtraction means positive 2 subtract positive 5. Because there are only 2 protons to begin with, you will have to add 3 protons so that you can remove 5 protons. If you add 3 protons, you will also need to add 3 electrons to maintain the original charge of +2.